Tag Archives: heart

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Concord

my heart is broken
love doesn’t conquer all
unselfish love
unreturned
unrequited
opens me to wound after wound
some turn from love no matter what
cling to the lies they tell themselves
cling to the poison they embrace
turn from love into the uncaring bottle
turn from love into the insensate smoke
turn from love even to the grave

I wish my heart would let them go
and heal

__________________

My friend Liz took the photograph, half way through the Rainshadow Chorale concert last Sunday.

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Covid 19 and the heart

This is from the University of New Mexico Roam Echo PASC (Post Acute Sequelae of Covid-19) talk on 11/9/2023 over Zoom.

Cardiovascular Outcomes in Post-COVID Conditions
Jeffrey Hsu, MD, PhD, FACC, Assistant Professor, Division of Cardiology – University of California, Los Angeles Health and Founder, COVID Cardiology Program – University of California, Los Angeles 

I am going to include the references in the order that Dr. Hsu talked about them. This is a sobering and upsetting lecture with the research showing a post Covid-19 increase in cardiovascular risk factors (cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes), and an increase in cardiovascular events in people with no previous cardiovascular diagnosis including heart attack, stroke, pulmonary embolus, blood clots and sudden death.

I don’t expect the general population to read the studies, but look at a few of them. It is very very impressive, the amount of work being done. Now let’s explore the talk and boil it down to three sentences for primary care to explain in clinic. Right. (You can always skip to the last two paragraphs if you get overwhelmed, and come back later.)

Part 1: The Research.

The first paper is about veterans without cardiovascular disease, followed for one year after Covid-19, matched with a cohort who did not have Covid-19. This is before immunization was available. They were studying the heart and cardiovascular risk. The veterans who had had Covid-19 infection were twice as likely to be diagnosed with cardiovascular risk then the veterans who had not had Covid-19. The risk was higher in the veterans with more severe Covid-19, the risk was present in all subgroups: old, young, male, female, with or without other risk factors. At two years out, the people who had been hospitalized for Covid-19 still had a persistent increased risk of death and cardiovascular incidents (heart attack, stroke, sudden death, blood clots).

To be clear, this is NOT Long Covid patients. This is just a cohort of veterans who had Covid-19. This would indicate that everyone who had Covid-19 has an increased cardiovascular risk.

Here is the first paper: 1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01689-3

Two more papers looked at more general populations who got Covid-19 before the vaccine was available and found the same thing. The veterans tended to be older and more male patients, but the general population studies found the same pattern in women and younger patients. Papers:

2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-risk-of-heart-disease-after-covid/, “Health modeller Sarah Wulf Hanson at the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle used Al-Aly’s data to estimate how many heart attacks and strokes COVID-19 has been associated with. Her unpublished work suggests that, in 2020, complications after COVID-19 caused 12,000 extra strokes and 44,000 extra heart attacks in the United States, numbers that jumped up to 18,000 strokes and 66,000 heart attacks in 2021. This means that COVID-19 could have increased the rates of heart attack by about 8% and of stroke by about 2%. “It is sobering,” Wulf Hanson says.

3.https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-023-02521-2

Non hospitalized patients had decreased risk for some cardiovascular problems but not all and still had significantly higher risk than people who had not had Covid-19. I am busily thinking UH-OH, this is really bad, in this lecture.

He stated that the data is not in yet about vaccination, whether it lowers the cardiovascular damage compared to unvaccinated.

The initial study was on veterans, mostly male and mostly white, but then was replicated in other similar studies that were not on veterans, but on a general population.

From the second and third study, 700,000 patients with a mean age 40 and more than half female, were studied for new cardiovascular disease in the year following Covid-19 and found an increased risk of death within one year, 0.34% vs 0.28% HR 1.6. That was in 2020, a nonvaccinated population. Another study showed similar results, 13,000 patients with Covid-19 and 26,000 without, average age 51. There was a similar risk increase in cardiovascular disease and an increased risk of death within one year.

4. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(22)00349-2/fulltext

5. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2802095

So do other infections do the same thing? Studies of acute risk of myocardial infarction risk after influenza, done before the pandemic, indicate an increased risk of myocardial infarction within one week after infection, but not beyond that week. So Covid-19 is really really nasty to our cardiovascular system.

6. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1702090

7. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMra1808137

Pneumonia and sepsis can increase risk of cardiovascular disease, but there have not been the extensive studies as in Covid-19. More and better studies.

One to two years after diagnosis, there is increased cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk, both:

  1. Cardiovascular risk factors, worsening after covid
  2. Thrombosis risk

8. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(22)00044-4/fulltext

The risk of is up diabetes 40% in the post Covid-19 patients. That does not mean that 40% are diagnosed with diabetes, but that the risk is higher after Covid-19. For example, if in the non-Covid cohort 100 of 1000 40 year olds develop type 2 diabetes, then it’s 140 of 1000 in the post Covid-19 group.

The risk of dyslipidemia in 50,000 patients went up 24%. Dyslipidemia means increased LDL cholesterol or increased triglycerides and lower HDL or all of them.

9. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(22)00355-2/fulltext

10. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21174

Hypertension is up too and weight gain.

11. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41577-022-00762-9

New onset hypertension is up 22% in hospitalized patients post Covid-19 and 11% in unhospitalized post Covid patients.

Myocardial infarction (heart attack) and ischemic stroke both go up. Ischemic stroke is the more common kind of stroke and is the clotting version. Bleeding strokes are less common.

Why does Covid-19 do this? What is the mechanism? The studies are pointing towards thromboembolism as the mechanism in both increased cardiovascular risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, stroke, heart attack, clots). Thrombosis means clots. Remember the talk about micro-clots? (My write up here: https://drkottaway.com/2023/04/14/xeno-or-infection-phobic/). Micro-clots can lead to bigger clots. A clot in a heart artery causes a heart attack; in the brain an ischemic stroke; a clot in the leg can break into pieces and block the lung arteries. Irritation in the heart and the arteries can increase blood pressure. I’m not sure how it can increase diabetes, but it does.

Next he shows a slide about thrombosis and how complex it is. Sars covid-19 seems to promote perfect storm of events that leads to environment for thrombosis in multiple ways.

Covid-19 infects epithelial cells, causes a hyperactive immune response, orchestrates subsequent response, causes platelet hyperactivation and then hyperactive innate immune response, causes damage to glycocalyx that protects and vascular endothelial injury, decreases antithrombogenic and increases prothrombogenic activity which promotes thrombosis in the vasculature, platelet activation and coagulopathy. Got that? No? Me either, my last immune system class was in 1988 when I was working at the National Institutes of Health. It’s bad, meaning it can kill us or cause damage that is disabling.

12. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30937-5/fulltext

My notes are a bit disjointed here: The endothelial cells (which line arteries) express H2 receptors that Covid-19 virus needs to enter the cells. The H2 receptors are also in glomerular capillary loops (kidneys), and immune cells and cause apoptosis of lung endothelial cells. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms and some eukaryotic microorganisms. So you don’t want your lung cells doing that. Lung, small bowel, and pulmonary microvasculature can all be affected.

13. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(22)00355-2/fulltext

Plaque in human coronary vessels, in the immune cells, spike and Sars cov 2 identified in coronary artherosclerotic plaque.

Direct on coronary and cerebrovascular cells. (Ok, I don’t know what I meant by this note.)

Part II: Now what? What is our approach to healing this?

There is still limited data! (The clinical trials are roaring along but they take time.) Here are a bunch of studies, all using blood thinners. Blood thinners include aspirin, plavix, heparin, enoxaparin or apixaban. Do NOT start aspirin at home at this point, because when you add a blood thinner, there is a risk of bleeding, including bleeding stroke and intestinal bleeding. So far, the studies are discouraging.

Aspirin 150Mg Recovery trial: no difference in mortality: major bleeding 1.6% vs 1/0 % Lancet 2022. This is a double baby aspirin dose, 30 days in study, no benefit in acute setting.

14. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(20)30937-5/fulltext

Non critically ill hosp patients ACTIV 4A trial P2Y12 inhibitor – heparin alone or clopidigril (plavix) plus heparin, no benefit, major bleeding 2.0% vs 0.7% so worse in the both group.

15. https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2103417

16. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2021.17272

Harmed patients with severe disease.

ACTIV-4B aspirin or apixiban in outpatient, stopped early, event rate low, higher rates of minor bleeding in the 5mg apixiban group.

Feedom covid 19 trial: Non ICU Hospitalized, compared prophylactic heparin to enoxaparin or apixaban. Signal to provide benefit, lower rates of death and intubation, similar bleeding rates

17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109723045278?via%3Dihub

So what does our Post Covid Cardiologist recommend to physicians and patients:

First year post covid: look for cardiovascular symptoms.

Screen for risk factors, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, obeisity.

Optimization of risk factors, smoking cessation (and I would add that alcohol also causes damage to the heart and arteries, though tobacco is worse.

Assess candidacy for statin therapy for primary prevention.

18. https://cardiab.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12933-021-01359-7

There is a study of triple therapy (meaning THREE blood thinners) that showed improvement but that was in older patients who already have heart disease before Covid-19. So it doesn’t apply.

He says there aren’t any good studies of blood thinners in Long Covid-19 yet and it is not clear that the Long Covid people are worse as far as the cardiovascular risk than everyone else. And remember, these studies are on unvaccinated people, so for the year following the first year of Covid-19. We don’t have the results for vaccinated people. He says that if someone is high risk or has cardiac symptoms chest pain etc put on 81 mg aspirin and a statin (and work it up, of course. Do the testing.

For now use anticoagulation (blood thinners) only if there is clear evidence of thrombus: deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolus. Freedom covid-19 study showed major bleed risk 0.1-0.4%.

The cardiologist speaker has not started triple therapy on any patents given unknown benefit at this time, with known significant major bleeding risk. He recommends shared decision making, meaning the patient should be presented with the risks and choices. Um, ok, boil this talk down into three sentences. Good luck. EEEEEEE!

Part III: Summary.

Whether you had Covid-19 before being vaccinated or after, or aren’t sure if you ever had it, it is worth seeing your provider to check your blood pressure, do diabetes screening, stop smoking (anything, and I include vaping in that), reduce or eliminate alcohol, keep your weight reasonable, check your cholesterol and go to your provider if there is any weirdness post Covid-19. And if you have not been vaccinated, oh, my gosh. Unless you have an immunology problem where your immunologist says “NO!”, get vaccinated.

Lastly, I’ve heard many claims that death rates were “over reported” for Covid-19. No. In a death certificate, the acute injury or infection is reported FIRST and then other related causes. Such as: Covid-19, ischemic stroke, hypertension, tobacco overuse syndrome. There were MORE strokes and heart attacks and sudden death, with Covid-19 as the final straw in many people who already had cardiovascular disease. They died sooner than they would have if not infected. That is not over reporting.

____________________________________________________________________________

A friend, Brent Butler, took the photograph, used with permission. I think it shows how I felt after this talk. Yet I still have hope, because you can’t deal with something unless you know about it.

If you want a link for the talks, message me. Anyone can tune in.

Covid-19 continues to fandangle us. There. I verbed the Ragtag Daily Prompt: fandangle.

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Favorite

I used to have a favorite agate, chalcedony nodule
found on the beaches here, during Covid. Surprising me.
I did not expect anything and only long to find something
to sustain me, just a little. I find a stone shaped heart, agate hard
and not clear. Not chalcedony, murky with impurities.
Yet the stone sustains me and I keep walking.
Even when I see that the impurities are on the outside too.
Camouflage, refusing to be washed clean, refusing change.

That one is lost, back in its’ native mud and sand. Someday
it may be polished clear, but it shrinks as it is tossed
among the other stones. It is running out of time and surface area.
It may not be heart shaped any more. My favorite now is clear,
a rich red with tiny streamers of darker red inside. I carry it with me,
I carry it in my heart. It is more nearly shaped like a heart,
a real heart, then the conventional one that is lost.

Be warned, then, that that one may be on the beaches here.
Or it could be that it has already been picked up
and taken, the finder hoping to wash it clean and see
the clear beauty as the light shines through.
Transparency is rare. I walk a mile of beach to find even one
clear stone. Don’t be fooled by that one: the dirt is embedded.
I won’t say never, but the chances of transparency and love
shrinks as it is worn away by the restless tides
and crashing against all the other rocks.

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The path forward

Today I attended this zoom, the Schmidt Initiative for Long Covid Global Echo Webinar Series:

https://hsc.unm.edu/echo/partner-portal/echos-initiatives/long-covid-global-echo.html

Today’s topic is Cardiac Complications of Long Covid.

Whew, it’s hard to see the forest for the trees! It’s complicated! The first distinction is lungs or heart or both. The next is worsened or new measurable heart disease, which is distinguished from heart symptoms without testable heart disease.

Heart disease can include inflammatory heart disease, ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias or clotting disorders. These are called PASC-CVD. PASC-CVD stands for Post Acute Sequelae of Covid-19 – CardioVascular Disease.

If those are ruled out, there are three major categories of PASC-CVS – CVS is CardioVascular Symptoms. One is postexertional malaise, a second is POTS (postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome) and the third is exercise intolerance. They are all different and treated differently. The formal test for POTS is a tilt table, but for places that don’t have access, they recommended the BatemanHorne NASA 10-Minute Lean test, here. That is hugely useful! This is the international conference, in English with simultaneous translation into French, Spanish, Portuguese and Arabic. Very impressive!

I will write more about today’s lecture, but I am still trying to sort out the trees in this complex forest.

For the Ragtag Daily Prompt: forest.

I took the photograph this month hiking Mount Zion with my daughter.

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Love tale

An older couple comes to me in clinic. She is losing her memory, they explain. They are looking for a doctor who will respect her wishes. Once she goes in the nursing home, no intervention. No antibiotics, no shots, no iv, no hospital.

Yes, I say.

It is about a year before she goes in to the nursing home. I do my regular visits.

After a number of years I happen to meet her husband in the hall. “She is talking about her twenties.” he says. “She lived in an apartment and ran errands for her uncles. I am hearing all sorts of stories I never heard! I go home and type them and send them to the family.”

“That is wonderful,” I say. He visits daily.

I go on to her room. She says, “That man comes to see me. He says he’s my husband. I don’t remember, but he is such a nice man!” I think she falls in love with him again daily. He visits and is where she is in her memory.

Some time later the nursing home calls me. “She has a fever of 101 and has not eaten for two days.” I go visit and call her husband. “Should I do anything?”

“No! She’d kill me!”

“Ok. She might die.”

“I know.”

She doesn’t die. The fever comes down and she gets out of bed and is thirsty.

There is a year between my years at the hospital and setting up my private clinic. We send out postcards, trying not to send them to anyone who has died.

Her husband comes to the clinic opening. “She died last year,” he says.

“I am so sorry! We tried not to send postcards if people had died!”

“It’s ok,” he says, “I wanted to come and thank you.”

He dies about a year after she does. I hope they are together again.

For the Ragtag Daily Prompt: true love.

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Laid bare

My mind and heart talk daily, argue back and forth.
They takes sides on everything and often disagree.
Why is this such a threat to some, what crooked course
makes them hate my inner talk with such intensity?
I thank you for the clarity, discussion and the clues.
The angry bear that attacks you in your sleep.
I see the split and wonder what to do.
The bear protects your heart, hidden deep.
I hug the bear and monsters through bars of steel.
The silly mind thinks feelings are controlled.
Buried and locked away but every day more real.
Under horror, grief and pain lies the gold.
Each must heal the split by going in alone
Invite the bears and monsters of the heart to come back home.

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Snow globe full of lies

I took the bandage off today. I would really like to heal.
The scab between my breasts is bright hot angry red.
I gently scrub with soap and the scab slowly peels
showing the crater in my chest. I am the walking dead.
The small child wants so badly to believe your word is true.
You say you’ll be her friend forever no matter what.
My devil laughs, a cynic. My angel turns away from you.
When you walk away you drag behind each inch of my child’s gut.
I see the wound is pulsing and now I give a start.
You break your word, you lie, to my much abused small child.
The pulsing mass I see is my aching bleeding heart.
Every injury triples on the child you hold inside.
I don’t stop loving even though I am gravely hurt.
You’ve never loved at all: you grind hearts into the dirt.

____________________

For the Ragtag Daily Prompt: snow globe.

A world built of lies, like a snow globe. Detached from reality. Contained, with music, and you can shake it up. It looks so pretty, but it isn’t real.

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Long Covid and fatigue

Sometimes medical articles are SO IRRITATING! Like this:

Symptomatic Long COVID May Be Tied To Decreased Exercise Capacity On Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Up To Three Months After Initial SARS-COV-2 Infection

Healio (10/18, Buzby) reports a 38-study systematic review and meta-analysis “suggested with low confidence that symptomatic long COVID was associated with decreased exercise capacity on cardiopulmonary exercise testing up to 3 months after initial SARS-COV-2 infection.” According to the findings published in JAMA Network Open, “underlying mechanisms may include but are not limited to deconditioning, peripheral mechanisms, hyperventilation, chronotropic incompetence, preload failure and autonomic and endothelial dysfunction.”

Wouldn’t it be nice if they believed the patients?

Let’s break this down. What does it all mean? Ok, the “low confidence” irritates me because it implies that the physicians can’t believe the patients who say “hey, I am short of breath and have a fast heart rate and get really fatigued if I try to do anything!”

I have had my fourth bout of pneumonia with shortness of breath and tachycardia. This time, since I am older, I had hypoxia bad enough to need oxygen. This is the FIRST TIME that some physicians have actually believed me. They believed the pulse oximeter dropping down to 87% and below, with a heart rate in the 140s, but they did not believe me and some accused me of malingering, for the last 19 years. Can you tell that I am a little tiny bit annoyed? If my eyes shot lasers, there would be some dead local physicians. And I AM a local physician, disbelieved by my supposed peers.

Let us simplify this gobbdygook: “underlying mechanisms may include but are not limited to deconditioning, peripheral mechanisms, hyperventilation, chronotropic incompetence, preload failure and autonomic and endothelial dysfunction.” The way I think of it is that sometimes a pneumonia will cause lung tissue swelling. Ok, think of the air space in your lungs as a large balloon. Now the wall of the balloon swells inwards and suddenly there is half as much air space. Guess how your body takes up the slack? The heart goes faster and you have tachycardia. This is a very simple way to think about it. I have tested patients who complain of bad fatigue after an upper respiratory infection with a very simple walk test. 1. I test them at rest, heart rate and oxygen saturation. 2. I walk them up and down a short hallway three times. 3. I sit them back down, and watch the heart rate and oxygen saturation. I watch until they are back to their seated baseline.

A friend tested recently and his resting heart rate was 62. After walking, his heart rate is in the 90s. H does not have a pulse oximeter, but his oxygen level is probably fine. However, that is a big jump. He has had “a terrible cold” for 8 days. I would bet money that his heart rate normally doesn’t jump that much. He still needs recovery time and rest.

In clinic, I had people who were ok at rest but needed oxygen when they walked. We would get them oxygen. More often, they did not need oxygen, but they were tachycardic. When they walked, their heart rate would jump, over 100. Normal is 60-100 beats per minute. If they jumped 30 beats or jumped over 100, I would forbid them to return to work until their heart rate would stay under 100 when they walked. If they went back to work they would be exhausted, it would slow healing, and they might catch a second bacteria or virus and then they could die.

Patients did not need a pulse oximeter. I would teach them to take their own pulse. The heart rate is the number of beats in 60 seconds. I have trouble feeling my own wrist, so I take mine at my neck. It’s a bit trickier if someone has atrial fibrillation but the pulse oximeters aren’t very good with afib either.

When I have pneumonia, my resting heart rate went to 100 the first time and my walking heart rate was in the 140s. I had influenza and felt terrible. My physician and I were mystified. It was a full two months before my heart rate came down to normal. I was out of shape by then and had to build back up. If I tried to walk around with my heart at 140, I was exhausted very quickly and it also felt terrible. The body does NOT like a continuous fast heart rate and says “LIE DOWN” in a VERY FIRM LOUD VOICE. So, I lay down. Until I recovered. For a while I was not sure if I would recover, but I did. This time it was a year before I could go to part time oxygen.

The fatigue follows the heart rate. Tachycardia is not good for you long term. If the heart is making up for reduced air space in the lungs, it doesn’t make sense to slow the heart rate with drugs. You NEED the heart to make up for the lungs. You need to rest, too!

Blessings and peace you.

The photograph is Elwha, helping me knit socks. With the bad air from the fires and my still recovering lungs, I am staying indoors and knitting socks .

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My mom loved me

I struggled after my mother died of ovarian cancer in 2000. She was 61 and our love was complicated. Two years after she died I hit an emotional wall and had to go find help. My marriage was showing cracks too. I have written about Adverse Childhood Experiences, but there can be love too, even in a difficult household. I wrote this poem during that time.

My mom loved me

It’s herself she didn’t love
She didn’t love her anger
She didn’t love her fear
She didn’t love her sorrow
She didn’t love her shadows

She packed all her troubles in her saddlebags
and rode forth singing

When I was angry
she felt her anger
When I was scared
she felt her fear
When I was sad
she felt her sorrow
When I felt my shadows
she felt hers
I hid my shadows

I hid my shadows for many years
and then my saddlebags were full
They called me

I dove in the sea
I rescued my anger
I rescued my fear
I rescued my sorrows
I rescued my shadows

At first I couldn’t love them
My mom didn’t; how could I?

But I loved my mom
I loved all of her
Her anger
Her fear
Her sorrow
Her shadows
Her singing and courage

I thought if I could love her shadows
I could love my own

It was hard
It took months
I looked in the mirror at my own face
And slowly I was able to have
Compassion for myself

I am sad that my mom is not
where I can touch her warmth
and tell her I love all of her

I tell her anyway

I’m finding many things as I surface from my dive
Sometimes I feel the presence of angels
I was looking for something else
I found a valentine
that she made me
No date
Many hearts cut out and glued
to red paper

I am so surprised

My mom loves me
shadows and all
now and forever.

__________________________

My mother used to quote “Pack all your troubles in your saddlebags and ride forth singing.” Does anyone know where this if from? I have not found the source. It could be her mother or her mother’s parents.

The photograph is my father, the year my sister died of cancer, 2012. He died in 2013.

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stone

stone shaped heart
refuse to love me
refuse to let me in

I don’t try to change you
I am here to change me
not you

not to bury or change or rewrite my past
but to unearth past feelings
to examine them without prejudice or fear

to hold them with love and care
so that they don’t inform the present
so that my feelings are now and not mixed with past

I listen to what you say
I am here with you to learn
what are you saying to me?

you say you are always truthful
but you break laws
you smoke some stuff, legal now

you say you do not speed
sometimes you do not speed
sometimes you do

you say you never watch series
when I suggest a series
now you tell me you are watching a series

you say you never try to hurt me
mostly you never try to hurt me
except when you do

you say you never lie
you seem to believe what you say
I don’t

I try to pay attention to what I say
I try not to say never
I try not to lie to myself

I watch you and wonder
what lies do I tell over and over
to myself and others?

_______________________

Written 6/22/22